The Blues twice allowed 10-man PSG to come from behind to draw 2-2 and win an ill-tempered last-16 tie on away goals at Stamford Bridge.
"We didn't deserve to go through," Mourinho said.
"When a team cannot defend two corners and concedes two goals, a team doesn't deserve to win.
"The individual performances were not good enough and when you concede two goals from two corners it's about lack of concentration, lack of responsibility to cope with the markers and the space you have to control.
"When a team cannot cope with the pressure of being one player more and playing at home..
we couldn't cope with that pressure.
"We deserved to be punished with this draw, defeat."
The first leg was drawn 1-1 and Chelsea's advantage grew when Zlatan Ibrahimovic was harshly sent off after 31 minutes.
Gary Cahill's strike nine minutes from the end of normal time was cancelled out by former Chelsea defender David Luiz, but the hosts went ahead for a second time through an Eden Hazard penalty early in extra time.
PSG captain Thiago Silva, who conceded the spot-kick for handball, was denied from a corner by Thibaut Courtois but then netted with a header moments later to make it 2-2 on the night and send the visitors through.
The French outfit were eliminated from the competition last term by Chelsea on the away goals rule, but advanced to the last eight for a third straight season.
Mourinho and Chelsea, meanwhile, are left to focus on their bid for the Blues' first Premier League title in five years, which resumes on Sunday at home to Southampton.
The Portuguese will wait until Thursday for an explanation for the sub-par performance by his side.
"I want to know," he said.
"I told the players after the game that it's not the moment to speak with them about it
(On Thursday) we will try to analyse that.
"For me it was a surprise
So I'm disappointed, but I try always to be pragmatic and when the opponent was better than us the first feeling is we deserved to lose
Analyse the situation is the next step.
"We need to react
We have the Premier League to win
We lost a competition where even if we had won today you have other important steps in front of you and other big teams to beat.
"We have the Premier League to win and we are in a good situation
There's no time to cry.
"If we win the Premier League and Capital One Cup, this season is still a fantastic season for us."
Chelsea are five points clear of second-placed Manchester City with a game in hand.
Jeremy Clarkson, the Top Gear presenter watching on after his suspension for his involvement in a fracas, may have enjoyed PSG living up to their pre-match billing as the "most aggressive" side Chelsea have played this term
The controversy which overshadowed the first leg at Parc des Princes three weeks ago - when a commuter was subject to racist abuse on the Paris Metro - was confined to the pitch in a fractious encounter.
Ibrahimovic saw red, dismissed for a challenge on Oscar which was more clumsy than malicious as he attempted to pull out of the 50-50 tackle.
The visitors were fortunate not to be reduced to nine men in the first half when Luiz elbowed Diego Costa off the ball.
Striker Costa was then denied a penalty after a trip by Edinson Cavani as Dutch referee Bjorn Kuipers had three big decisions to make within 12 minutes and arguably got all of them wrong.
Mourinho was critical of the officials, particularly the additional one employed behind the goal-line
He felt they got the penalty call wrong
He did not see Luiz's elbow and had a poor view of Ibrahimovic's sending-off, but felt the punishments should have been the other way around.
The Blues boss said: "It's a clear penalty on Diego Costa and once more I think it's a waste of time and money to have the officials on the side of the goal
Normally they do nothing.
"If he's there just to see if the ball crossed the line, the goal-line technology is obviously much better.
"If he cannot see a penalty 10 metres in front of him where it's completely clean in front of him, it's a waste of time and a waste of money.
"The David elbow I didn't see, but when UEFA gives him the man of the match, I have to believe that no elbow
He played very, very well.
"Maybe they can do what is fair by the disciplinary point of view and suspend David and take the red card from Ibra and let Ibra play the quarter-finals."
PSG coach Laurent Blanc suggested an appeal over Ibrahimovic's dismissal was likely
"I hope Ibra can be with us in the quarter-finals," Blanc said
"He'll certainly want to play a good match in the quarter-finals because he has a feeling that he did something that punished the team and could have punished them terminally
"I think he's going to play very well in the quarter-finals."
Blanc defended PSG's combative approach.
"Matches at the highest level are full of pressure and tension," he said
"Things do go on on both sides
Both sides put pressure on the opposition, and Chelsea did their fair share of that
"It had happened even before the match with their manager, exerting pressure on the referee
That's part of the mind games, and all fair and good.
"But if you take out these elements of unsporting behaviour, I think my team were better than Chelsea in every area of the pitch.
"PSG's qualification is deserved
We tried to play more football than Chelsea and created more dangerous chances.
"We were very solid defensively
I said we had to defend well to stay in the game.
"On the set-pieces, the centre-backs were great both offensively and defensively, as it was their goals that enabled us to go through
It was a fantastic performance by the whole squad."
Source : PA
Source: PA