Television footage showed Ivanovic appearing to aim a punch at Wigan midfielder Shaun Maloney during his side's 2-1 win at Stamford Bridge, an incident not spotted by match officials at the time.
Ivanovic, who has until 6:00pm (1700GMT) on Wednesday to respond to the charge, faces a three-match ban if the allegation is upheld, which would rule him out of this weekend's FA Cup semi-final against Tottenham Hotspur.
"Chelsea defender Branislav Ivanovic has today been charged by The FA with violent conduct following an incident in his side's game against Wigan Athletic," a Football Association statement said.
"Ivanovic was involved in an incident with Wigan's Shaun Maloney, which was not seen by the Match Officials, but caught on video, during his side's 2-1 victory at Stamford Bridge on Saturday 7 April 2012."
Source: AFP
Source: AFP